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Fundamental Of Physical Geography Chapter 1 Geography As A Discipline

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    NCERT Solution For Class 11 Geography Fundamental Of Physical Geography

    Geography As A Discipline Here is the CBSE Geography Chapter 1 for Class 11 students. Summary and detailed explanation of the lesson, including the definitions of difficult words. All of the exercises and questions and answers from the lesson's back end have been completed. NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Geography Geography As A Discipline Chapter 1 NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Geography Geography As A Discipline Chapter 1 The following is a summary in Hindi and English for the academic year 2021-2022. You can save these solutions to your computer or use the Class 11 Geography.

    Question 1
    CBSEENGE11010226
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    What is Geography ?

    Solution
    Geography is concerned with the description and explanation of the areal differentiation of the earth’s surface.
    Question 2
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    What is zoo Geography?

    Solution
    Zoo Geography studies the spatial patterns and geographic characteristics of animals and their habitats.
    Question 3
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    What are several inter-disciplinary areas in geography? Write examples.
    Solution
    There are several inter-disciplinary areas in geography.
    For example, Geomorphology is closely linked with Geology, Economic Geography with Economics and Bio-Geography with Life Sciences. 
    Question 4
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    What clue does variation provide ?

    Solution
    The variation provides a clue in understanding the relationship between the physical environment and socio-cultural features.
    Question 5
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    What are the major approaches to study geography ?

    Solution
    The major approaches to study geography are:
    (i) systematic
    (ii) regional.
    Question 6
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    Who introduced systematic geographical approach ?

    Solution
    Alexander Von Humboldt, a German Geographer had introduced systematic geography.
    Question 7
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    You have seen elephants, deer, earthworms, trees and grasses. Where do they live or grow? What is the name given to this sphere? Can you describe some of the important features of this sphere ?

    Solution

    The elephants, deer, earthworms, trees, and grasses grow in the physical environment.
    The important feature of the physical environment are :

    (i) Physical environment includes natural phenomena such as climate, soil and vegetation.

    (ii)Physical environment is also called us ecosystem.

    Question 8
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    You have seen a tennis ball, a cricket ball, an orange and a pumpkin. Which one amongst these resembles the shape of the earth? Why have you chosen this particular item to describe the shape of the earth ?

    Solution
    An orange resembles the shape of the earth which is in the shape Geoids. As the orange is bit flat on the top. The earth is also flat on its poles. 
    Question 9
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    What important cultural features do you observe while going to school ? Are they similar or dissimilar ? Should they be included in the study of geography or not? If yes, why ? 

    Solution
    We observe the different features such as roads, railways, markets and other elements created by human beings.
    They are dissimilar.
    All these cultural features should be included in the study of geography because all these features are on the earth. The earth has always been seen as the home of human beings and we study all these features about the earth.
    Question 10
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    How much time do you take to reach your school from your house ? Had the school been located across the road from your house, how much time would you have taken to reach school? What is the effect of the distance between your residence and the school on the time taken in commuting? Can you convert time into space and vice versa?

    Solution
    The time is related with distance between the house and the school. The effect of the distance is on time. If the distance is longer the time taken will be more.

    Time can be converted into space and the vice-versa. It depends on the mode of journey.

    Suppose the distance is 2 km. and the time taken is 10 minutes. It can also be said that school is 10 minutes away (if one travels on foot).
    Question 11
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     Do you celebrate Van Mahotsava in your school ? Why do we plant so many trees ? How do the trees maintain ecological balance ? 

    Solution
    Yes, we celebrate Van Mahotsava in our school. We plant so many trees because the trees are natural resources and are helpful to us in many ways.
    The trees maintain ecological balance in the following ways:

    (i)Plants and animals are interlinked and interdependent on each other and the physical environment.

    (ii)They together constitute ecosystem.

    (iii) Trees absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and release oxygen.

    (iv) Add water vapour to atmosphere through transpiration.

    (v)Prevent soil erosion and provide shelter to animals.

    Question 12
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    Mention the four branches of Physical Geography.

    Solution
    Following are the branches Physical Geography:
    (i)Geomorphology is devoted to the study of landforms, their evolution and related processes.
    (ii)Climatology encompasses the study of structure of atmosphere and elements of weather and climates and climatic types and regions.
    (iii)Hydrology studies the realm of water over the surface of the earth including oceans, lakes, rivers and other water bodies and its effect on different life forms including human life and their activities.
    (iv)Soil Geography is devoted to study the processes of soil formation, soil types, their fertility status, distribution and use
    Question 13
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    Describe the branches of geography based on systematic approach.

    Solution

    The branches are:
    (i) Physical Geography: It includes Geomorphology, Climatology, Hydrology and Soil Geography.

    (ii) Human Geography: It includes Cultural Geography, Population and Settlement Geography, Economic Geography, Historical Geography and Political Geography.

    (iii) Bio-Geography : It includes Plant Geography, Zoogeography, Ecology and Environmental Geography.

    Question 14
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    What are the three sets of questions concerned with geography as a discipline ?

    Solution

    The three sets of questions are :


    (i)Questions about what, which are related to the identification of patterns of natural and cultural features.

    (ii)Questions about where. Some questions are related to the distribution of the natural and cultural features.

    (iii)Questions related to why. It is related to the explanation or the causal relationship between feature and phenomena.
    Question 15
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    Why was the need for specialization felt that gave rise to systematic disciplines ?

    Solution
    Once the spirit of scientific enquiry was kindled and information about the world became more copious, the urge for deeper analysis of the processes that give rise to such a great variety of natural and cultural feature in the world grew.
    This necessitated specialization, which ultimately gave rise to systematic disciplines like physics, chemistry, biology, economics, sociology and political science, etc. that once formed part of one unified discipline called Geography.
    Question 16
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    Which two major revolutionary changes in geography influenced it most during the second half of twentieth century?

    Solution
    The two major revolutionary changes in geography which influenced it were:
    (i)the geography as a science of relationship, as a study to arrangements 
    (ii)association of things on the faces of the earth from regional systems and structure.

    Question 17
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    What are the two ways of studying geographical problems?

    Solution
    There are two ways of studying geographical problems are mentioned below: 
    (i)One of the way is to select a geographical factor such as climate and study its mechanism to study the topology and to examine the causes and consequences of their spatial distribution on the surface of the earth.
    (ii)Alternately one can start with a region, a state or a river basin and study it from different perspectives to understand the uniqueness to diagnose its problems and to suggest policies and plans to solve the problems.

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    Question 18
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    Differentiate Physical Geography and Bio-Geography.

    Solution

    The difference:
    Physical Geography :
    (i)Physical geography deals with the natural features.

    (ii)Under physical geography we study the things like mountains, rivers, natural vegetations and animal life, etc.

    (iii)The sub-fields of physical geography are landforms, climate, water, soil, etc.
    Bio-Geography:
    (i)It is linked with economic geography, life science (botany and zoology).
    (ii)Bio-geography is the study about plants and animals found on the earth's surface and in hydrosphere.

    Question 19
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    You observe every day in your surroudings that there is variation in natural as well as cultural phenomena. All the trees are not of the same variety. All the birds and animals you see, are different. All these different elements are found on the earth. Can you now argue that geography is the study of “areal differentiation”?

    Solution
    Variations in the natural as well as cultural phenomena provides a clue in understanding the relationship between physical environment and cultural features.

    The physical environment has provided the stage over which the human societies enacted the drama of their creative skills with the tools and techniques which they invented in the process of their development. It can be said that geography is the description of the earth. We know that the reality is always multifaceted and the earth is also multi-dimensional. This is why many disciplines from natural sciences and a number of sister disciplines in social sciences study different aspect of the earth's surface. Geography is different from other subjects but at the same time it is closely related to other disciplines. Geography derives its data base from all the natural and social sciences.

    The existing variations over the surface of the earth in physical as well as cultural environment. A number of phenomena are similar and many are dissimilar. It is, therefore, logical to perceive geography as the study of a real differentiation.
    Question 20
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    Describe the ancient viewpoint of geography.

    Solution

    Ancient viewpoint of geography :


    (i)The word Geography is a combination of two Greek words – (Geo+Graphes) which means ‘the earth and to write or describe’. Hence geography means to write about the earth including all that appears upon it. Geography is the description of the earth.

    (ii)In earlier times, its aim was to know facts about places and its people so as to get acquainted with the world. So the description concerning earth and people were catalogued under geography.
    These descriptions were brought through the narratives of conquerors, explorers, travellers and traders.

    (iii)Some Greek, Arab and Indian scholars laid the foundation of Geography as a science by studying the shape and size of the earth, latitude and longitude and the solar system. These scholars tried to understand the universe around us and the place of our planet within it.

     

    Question 21
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    Explain regionalization as a method with the help of an example.

    Solution
    The process of identifying various regions is often called regionalization in geography. It is a study of a region at different levels continents, countries, local areas etc. in all its geographical aspects. It identifies the main geographical characteristics of a region. This aspect also includes the study of the status, that is the place of various regions, sub-regions, even smaller regions and the linkages between them in their interactions.
     
    We may take Rajasthan as a geographical region for our example.
    Broadly the most prominent geographical factors operating in the area delimited by boundary of the state are its rocky and sandy terrain, its soils and arid climate, the expanses of desert, low lying base and occasional strips of agricultural land supported by local wells. The density of population is low, the means of communication are few and far between and most of them connect the important towns of state like Jaipur and Jodhpur. The human life and pattern of living are highly influenced by its arid and semi-arid climate.

    We further try to identify sub-regions and their smaller regions on the basis of relevant factors. Thus Rajasthan may be divided into the arid north-west region and the partly forested hilly region of the south-east.
    The south-eastern region can be further classified into :
    (i) Nexmado hills
    (ii) the Udaipur hill complex
    (iii) the Luni border lands
    (iv) the Aravalli hill complex
    These are classified on the basis of terrain and land use characteristics. Each of these smaller regions can be further broken down into still smaller geographical regions. Thus regionalization is the technique of identifying and demarcating regions on the basis of factors which are regarded as most relevant at each stage of classification.
    Question 22
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    You have already studied geography, history, civics and economics as parts of social studies. Attempt an integration of these disciplines highlighting their interface.

    Solution
    All the social science disciplines such as history, civics and economics study different aspects of social reality.
    (i)Geography is closely linked with these disciplines. The core concerns of civics is territory, people and sovereignty while political geography is linked with the state of a spatial unit.
    (ii)Economics deals with economy such as production, distribution etc. and the economic geography to study the spatial aspect of production, distribution and consumption.
    (iii)It shows that the geography has strong interference with natural and social sciences.
    Question 28
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    Name the main branches of based on systematic and regional approach Geography.

    Solution

    Branches of Geography based on systematic approach are :

    (i)Physical Geography

    (ii)Human Geography

    (iii)Bio-geography

    Branches of Geography based on regional approach are :

    (i)Regional studies
    (ii)Regional planning
    (iii)Regional development
    (iv)Regional analysis

    Question 29
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    Who was the first scientist to coin the word Geography ?

    Solution
    Eratosthenese.
    Question 30
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    Who explained the relationship of man and nature ?

    Solution
    Question 31
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    Distinguish between Physical Geography and Human Geography.

    Solution
    Physical Geography : It includes geomorphology, climatology, hydrology and social geography.
    Human Geography : It includes socio-cultural geography, population and settlement geography, economic and historical and political geography.
    Question 34
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    The study of landforms is called :

    • Physical Geography

    • Human Geography

    • Climatology

    • None
    Solution

    A.

    Physical Geography

    Question 36
    CBSEENGE11010342
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    Write about the economic importance of the forests for the country.

    Solution
    Following are the economic importance of the forests for the country:

    (i) Forests provide many things to meet our food requirements like fruits, nuts etc.


    (ii)Forests are sources of timber for house building, furniture making, ship-making etc.

    (iii)Forests supply about 40% of fuel in the world. Wood has been a major source of fuel.

    (iv) Forests are the sources of livelihood of tribes in India.

    Question 37
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    Prepare a historical account of conservation of forests in India with focus on Chipko Movements in Rajasthan and Uttaranchal. 

    Solution
    To stop the ruthless cutting of trees in the Himalayas, a unique movement, Chipko was started by illiterate tribal women in the Tehri Garhwal district of Uttaranchal in 1972.
    The word Chipko means ‘to hug’ or ‘to embrace’ and the movement derived its name from the dramatic circumstances in which it was born. In 1978 when the women of Advani village hugged the trees, faced police firing and later courted arrest. The movement continued under the leadership of Shri Sundar Lal Bahuguna. He undertook a people's march through about 3000 km in the hilly region of the Himalayas to protest against the felling of trees. Ultimately Chipko Movement got the success and a large number of trees could be saved from cutting. 

     

    Question 38
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    The science which studies landforms _______________________________

    Solution
    plateaus, rivers, mountains, lakes, forests etc. a

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