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Question
CBSEENHS12028224
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Read the following excerpt carefully and answer the questions that follow:

                                                                      In Praise of Samudragupta

This is an excerpt from the Prayaga Prashasti:

He was without an antagonist on earth; he, by the overflowing of the multitude of (his) many good qualities adorned by hundreds of good actions, has wiped off the fame of other kings with the soles of (his) feet; (he is) Purusha (the Supreme Being), being the cause of the prosperity of the good and the destruction of the bad (he is) incomprehensible; (he is) one whose tender heart can be captured only by devotion and humility; (he is) possessed of compassion ; (he is) the giver of many hundredthousands of cows; (his) mind has received ceremonial initiation for the uplift of the miserable, the poor, the forlorn and the suffering; (he is) resplendent and embodied kindness to mankind; (he is) equal to (the gods) Kubera (the god of wealth), Varuna (the god of the ocean), Indra (the god of rains) and Yama (the god of death)….

(15.1) Give the meaning of Prashasti.

(15.2) ‘Samudragupta is compared to gods.’ Justify the comparison.

(15.3) Name two sources used to reconstruct the history of Gupta rulers.

Solution

(15.1)Prahasti is a composition in praise of kings in particular, and patrons in general, by poets.
(15.2) Samudragupta is compared to gods as:
(i) He was without an antagonist on earth.
(ii) He was adorned by Hundreds for multitude of overflowing good qualities.
(iii) He being the cause of the prosperity of the good and destruction of the bad.
(iv) He was resplendent and embodied kindness to mankind.
(15.3) The two sources used to reconstruct the history of Gupta rulers are (i) literature (ii) coins

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Question
CBSEENHS12028227
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On the given political outline map of India locate and label the following with appropriate symbols :

(A) Azamgarh – the centre of revolt of 1857

(B) Surat – a town under British control in 1857.

On the same map three places of Mature Harappan sites are marked as 1, 2 and3. Identify them and write their names on the lines drawn near them.

Solution

Question
CBSEENHS12028211
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Who was Ab’ul Fazal ? What is his major contribution?

Solution

Ab’ul Fazal was the author of the Akbar Nama, an adviser and a spokesperson for Akbar Policies.

In his role as court historian, Ab’ul Fazal both shaped and articulated the ideas associated with the reign of Akbar.

Question
CBSEENHS12028215
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“Land revenue was the economic mainstay of the Mughal Empire.” Examine the statement.

Solution

Revenue from the land was the economic mainstay of the Mughal Empire:

(i) It was therefore vital for the vital to create an administrative apparatus to ensure control over the agriculture agricultural production. Revenue officials and record keepers penetrated the agricultural domain and became a decisive agent in shaping agrarian relations.

(ii) The Mughal state tried to first acquire specific informations about the extent of agricultural lands in the empire and what these lands produced before fixing the burden of taxes on people.

(iii) The land revenue arrangements consisted of two stages- first, assessment and then actual collection. The jama was the amount assessed, as opposed to hasil, the amount collected.

(iv) While fixing revenue, the attempt of the state was to maximise its claims. Both cultivated and cultivable lands were measured in each province.

Question
CBSEENHS12028216
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“The ideal of Sulh-i-kul was the corner stone of enlightened rule.” In the light of the above statement, make an assessment of the Akbar’s policy of Sulh-i-kul.

Solution

Abu’l Fazl described the ideal of Sulh-i-kul as the corner stone of enlightened rule:

(i) In sulh-i-Kul all religions and schools of thought had freedom of expression but on condition that they did not undermine the authority of the state or flight among themselves.

(ii) The ideal of sulh-i kul was implemented through state policies-the nobility under the mughals was a composite one comprising iranis, Turanis, Afghans, Rajputs, Deccanis-all of whom were given positions and awards purely on the basis of their service and loyalty to the king.

(iii) Akbar abolished the tax on pilgrimage in 1563 and Jizya in 1564 as the two were based on religious discrimination.

(iv) All Mughal emperors gave grants to support the building and maintenance of places of worship.

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